Wednesday, January 30, 2013

LoL 2012

So much happened in one year, it feels like a lifetime has passed. The theme of 2012 was, for me, epistemology (retrospectively I would call the theme of 2009 ethics, 2010 aesthetics, and 2011 networks). How do we know what we know? How do we know what we don't? How do we know that we know? I have remained conscious of these questions throughout the year, whether during active contemplation or by implicit awareness. This has also had the effect of making me realise the pervasiveness of intellectual sins in the world, rendering them all the more frustrating, and even at times discouraging.

Yet I am heartened by the beauty of the works which I had the pleasure of encountering throughout the year, all monuments to human achievement in their own right. Only the three categories of fiction, non-fiction and movies appear below as they are the only categories to which I had sufficient exposure to judge in 2012. It is astounding how many of the non-fiction books I read in 2012 were the magna opera of their authors, even though not all of them made the list. If I have seen further over the last year, it is because I have been fortunate to have stood on the very top of a totem of giants, whom you will find below.

Non-Fiction

10. Inverting the Pyramid, Jonathan Wilson - An engaging read on the history of football tactics. Wilson brings to life the various personages that gave us the beautiful game as we know it today. The parallel strands could have been clearer and more chronological, but this book is definitely worth a read for a better understanding of tactics and all the stories that lie behind the spectacle of football.

9. Inside Jokes, Matthew Hurley et al. - A book outlining a new theory of what makes something humorous to our minds. Books about humour need to be funny to demonstrate an understanding of the material, and this one exceeds all expectations, from its witty double entendre of a title to the examples of jokes within. Yet it does so without sacrificing academic rigour, examining rival theories and possible objections in a thorough fashion. Inside Jokes left me laughing out loud and nodding in agreement in equal measure.

8. This Will Make You Smarter, John Brockman - A compilation of short essays describing some of the most useful ideas and concepts. These were taken from responses to the Edge 2011 Annual Question, "What scientific concept would improve everybody's cognitive toolkit?". Each of these concepts is discussed by one of today's leading thinkers, numbering 165 in total. Everyone but the most learned and up-to-date will gain something from this. All the responses are available to read for free here.

7. Antifragile, Nassim Nicholas Taleb - The highly anticipated magnum opus of a controversial and revolutionary thinker. Taleb brings his thought from Fooled by Randomness and The Black Swan to a culmination in his idea of the antifragile: things which benefit from volatility. He then explores the ramifications of this idea and how best to become antifragile and harness the rare and unexpected. This challenges the conventional view that intelligence, knowledge and prediction are essential for best results, which aligns Taleb with the anti-establishment, performative stance of the cyberneticians. Antifragile extends the concept to almost every field, and indeed the strength of the concept is the simplicity and power which allow it to be thus applied. It is the job of thinkers henceforth to work out a science of the antifragile, figuring out where and how exactly this concept applies, but we have here the seminal work of a new intellectual field.

6. Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman - The best book on the topic of human irrationality. Nobel Laureate Daniel Kahneman shares the results of his research together with the late Amos Tversky (indeed, their story lends the book a wistful tone). This book reveals how every one of us is irrational much more often than we think, explains the psychological mechanisms behind this, and outlines the many errors which we make. This is told through problems, experiments and anecdotes, making it easily comprehensible and hence of interest to anyone. A humbling read.

5. The Grasshopper, Bernard Suits - A short, fun book on the philosophy of games. One of the rare books in which Wittgenstein gets schooled, as his off-handed remark that we cannot define what a game is gets thoroughly debunked by Suits. The point is made with an engaging mix of exposition and dialogue, with the Grasshopper, a kind of Socrates-and-Jesus-figure, demonstrating to his disciples what makes something a game, and also claiming the value of games, especially in Utopia. The Grasshopper is a brilliant model of how philosophical writing should be - incisive, yet inviting, and a sheer joy to read.

4. Cultural Amnesia, Clive James - A paean to culture and humanity. Over a hundred essays about famous and not-so-famous personalities illustrate the fragility and preciousness of truth, beauty, and love. Through the lives, oeuvres, and quotes from his subjects, James goes into discussions of prose, poetry, music, dance, cinema, television, art, and more. His writing, poetic and aphoristic, is enticing enough to give you a new-found interest in any of these topics, and doesn't pale when set beside that of the literary greats whom he waxes lyrical about.

But James also deals with the acts of courage and cowardice, intellectual or actual, in a time when values came under siege. The result is a coherent whole which seems to touch on every aspect of what makes life worth living, yet which cannot be reduced to a simple idea. Which is good, because a sincere attempt to chart the scope of humanity undertaken with the humility to accept the intractability of that task precludes premature syntheses of the type which bewitched Hitler, Stalin and Mao. And this book protects us from amnesia of that fact. For the people who are (like me) interested in everything, this is the everything in which you should be interested. A highly recommended read.

3. Incomplete Nature, Terrence Deacon - This is a book of potentially epochal import in explaining how things that matter emerged from a world of matter. Deacon identifies the problems in a strictly materialist, reductionist science, then proceeds to show how the process of emergence led from chemistry to life to consciousness, from thermodynamics to information to meaning. His ideas could herald a profound shift in science as radical as the Copernican and Darwinian revolutions. If that doesn't make you want to read Incomplete Nature for yourself, nothing else I say will.

2. Justice for Hedgehogs, Ronald Dworkin - This looks set to be one of the key works in ethics and moral philosophy henceforth. Dworkin defends the idea that objective moral truths exist, and that these truths, impenetrable as they are by facts due to Hume's Principle, are mutually coherent and can only be discovered by interpretation of moral concepts, such as responsibility, dignity and equality. Thus, ethics, morality, law and politics are inextricably linked and have implications up and down the chain. Of course, one will find within this book the expected dose of trolley problems, but the conclusions are highly practicable and will be of use to anyone.

1. The Beginning of Infinity, David Deutsch - Possibly the book of the century so far. Deutsch cuts the Gordian knot of epistemology by proposing a new theory of how we know what we know. He then draws out the implications of that, moral, political, and even aesthetic. The writing is so incredibly lucid, even when discussing quantum physics and mathematics, that after reading you will wonder how you could ever have thought otherwise. The Beginning of Infinity is a timely antidote to both relativism (whether anti- or pseudo-intellectual) and dogmatism, and could prove to be a timeless classic.

Fiction

3. Immortality, Milan Kundera - This novel is about immortality in the sense of legacy, rather than in the literal sense. Immortality sets the story of a woman, her husband and her sister against that of Goethe and a young fangirl/lover. Kundera himself appears in the story, where he conceives the character Agnes from an elderly woman's youthful, immortal gesture and starts off the novel. The narratives are interspersed with desultory and witty philosophical musings that are typically and idiosyncratically Kundera in their subject matter, which includes individuality, cameras, journalism, images, rights, sentiment, coincidences, and shame. A great novel to ponder.

2. Catch-22, Joseph Heller - It's been said that all good war stories are anti-war stories. Catch-22 is more than that - it is about the madness and bureaucracy of war, sure, but it uses that as a mirror for the madness and bureaucracy of society. Many of the characters are caricatures, yet their exaggerated traits are crucial in triggering the novel's many occurences, and never seem over-the-top - that honour is reserved for the faceless soldiers in the background who actually comply with the madness. The novel starts off with comical and absurd episodes, but progressively acquires a more tragic tone which will leave you seething at the injustice. Not too unlike real life then.

1. The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman, Angela Carter - A fantastic picaresque which is postmodern and magic realist. Set in Latin America (where else?), the reluctant hero Desiderio (which comes from the Latin for 'desire' or 'regret', suggesting where this is headed) embarks on a quest to save his country from the machinations of Doctor Hoffman, who manifests the desires of people as apparitions. Along the way, all manner of pornographic genres find their place, including paedophilia, GMILF, interracial, gangbang, furries, and bestiality. But this is no mere erotica, as it touches on issues such as desire, fantasy, reason, identity, the mass media, and feminism. The writing is gorgeous, and the sentences worth savouring. Infernal Desire Machines is filled with oneiric imagery which remains haunting even upon waking, and deserves to be made into an incredible cinematic experience if it could ever pass through the censors. But until then, read the book and enjoy the adventure of your imagination.

Movies

2. Seven Psychopaths - A funny black comedy overflowing with psychopathy. Seven Psychopaths is about a writer Marty working on the eponymous screenplay, but lacking inspiration. But he shouldn't be; he's right in the middle of psychopath no-man's-land. Some of his fictional psychopaths turn out to be very real. The line between fiction and reality is blurred - is it life imitating art imitating life, or the other way around? The dialogue is well-written and often witty, and the actors' performances deliver.

Although the film starts out in violence, it ends with some of the psychopaths surprisingly advocating non-violence, such as the Quaker psychopath and the Vietnamese psychopath. The flashback which transforms the story of the Vietnamese psychopath is particularly trippy. And the meta-ness continues all the way into the credits, where Marty's promise on his life to a psychopath to include a message in the credits comes back to haunt him. A very interesting project indeed; couple with Kevin Dutton's pop-psych book The Wisdom of Psychopaths for maximum effect.

1. Wreck-It Ralph - An exceptional piece of animated family entertainment which was more than 20 years in the making and well worth the wait. Wreck-It Ralph tells the story of video game characters in an arcade where they can move between games. The conflicts occur due to the intersection between three games: Fix-it Felix, a building repair game, Hero's Duty, a first-person shooter, and Sugar Rush, a racing game. How the characters from different universes interact according to their abilities, the game rules, and the movie premises, is brilliant - anything can be made into a feature, rather than a curiosity or an incompatibility. There is a moment when Felix, stuck in a prison with his magic hammer, feels the curse of King Midas. Yet he is also the Brahma to Ralph's Shiva, and both are essential to resolving difficulties and maintaining balance in the story.

The bulk of the action takes place in Sugar Rush, which has picturesque environs and looks to be a blast to play, should it ever be produced. And finally of course there's the clever plot, which intertwines the quests for recognition of the outcast glitch Vanellope and the titular villain Ralph, with the infestation and imminent destruction of Sugar Rush by the aliens from Hero's Duty. And just what is King Candy hiding in this "candy-coated heart of darkness"? As with most animations, there are lots of funny moments, but the movie is also high on emotion, without ever descending into bathos or kitsch. The director Rich Moore has expressed interest in making a sequel based on console and online gaming (I'm thinking World of WarCraft?), but until then, go watch Wreck-It Ralph if you haven't; it's tremendous fun.

Looking Ahead

2013 promises to be like 2012, but better. I am unlikely to have the time to finish as much reading, but hopefully I can whittle down the reading list now that I've finished so many of the must-reads, even if more must-reads are published this year. I will be delving deeper into cognitive science, continental philosophy, and economics. Probably more fiction this year as well.

Some good entertainment is lined up. Evangelion 3.0 will finally receive a screening in Melbourne, with 4.0 scheduled for release as well. The Grandmaster, starring Tony Leung as Ip Man, could just be the best of the lot of movies about Ip Man which have all appeared in the past few years. Man of Steel, being directed by Zack Snyder and produced by Christopher Nolan, surely can't go wrong. Iron Man 3 is coming out too, and hopefully we'll see Tony Stark return to form after the mess that was Iron Man 2. The StarCraft II expansion set Heart of the Swarm is coming out, and could eat up a few days of my leisure.

Whatever the case, I hope to learn much, and savour the great moments when they come.

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